This week we are learning about motivation and emotions (about genes and intelligence too, but I’m not going to write about that now). The book we are using, Psychology the Science of Mind and Behaviour, is written by Passer and Smith et.al. According to this book we are motivated by different things, and I really want to understand this. I tried ti find more information online, but I couldn’t find much. I don’t know if this is a way on how you can interpret it.
According to one theory there are two kinds of motivation systems (neural systems). The behavior activation system (BAS) and the behavior inhibition system (BIS). BAS is roused to action by signals of potential reward and positive need gratification, and BIS responds to stimuli that signals potential pain or i.e. punishment. BAS produces feelings that makes us motivated to work towards positive goals, and things we want, and produces hope and happiness. BIS produces fear and inhibition of behavior, but also escape and avoidance behavior. People can have different degrees to which they show most activation or inhibition. BAS people prefer changes, and BIS people familiar things. These systems are a part in how we seek pleasure and avoid pain. Some people are sensitive to rewards and some to punishment, and this shapes the personality. Some really seek adventure, and some prefer the familiar, I think everyone knows one person of each category.
As I interpret it, either is the BAS system dominant or the BIS system. You are either (most) motivated by positive things or by negative things. But I’m not sure I understand this correctly. Let’s take an example if I hear about something fun, my BAS system is activated and I feel motivated, and happy and that makes me do things that will take me closer to my “goal”. If I hear about that all students that won’t pass on their exams will have to pay a fee, my BIS system is activated and I’m going to be motivated to study harder. If people have one system that is more dominant than the other, does that mean that one person can be more motivated and work harder if he/she is afraid (if he/she is BIS-dominant) than if a positive reward is announced? In that case it would mean that if you know which of the motivation systems are most dominant you know how to best motivate a person. Not that it sounds very funny to threaten someone. But if someone for example wants to lose weight that person might be most motivated to do so if either he/she is informed about all the dangers with overweight OR about how much better you feel when you are “thinner”.

Another part of this is why we affiliate, or what motivates us to do so. There are theories for this too, and some are based on a homeostasis theory – it’s like a thermostat, if your inner thermostat says “I like it best when I have few friends” you will seek solitude if you feel you have too many etc. According to a Craig Hill we affiliate for four different reasons: to get positive stimulation, receive emotional support, gain attention, and permit social comparison. This last reason is because through comparison we can judge our own abilities, and behavior and through that determine if we are ‘normal’. I think that is pretty interesting since I wrote about this the other week, that often people just want you to tell them that they are ‘normal’.
BUT, What I wanted to say was that this is also something that affects your personality, if you are a person with many friends or fewer.
Researches show that people who have a great need for affiliation make more friends that people who don’t. These people also think more about friends and how much they want to be with people. But because of this homeostasis people with lower affiliation seeks social contact, just like they with higher affiliation seeks solitude, but we seek either of these periods with less or more social contact when our body/brain? Tells us so.
Another thing that I find interesting is that fear-inducing situations we seek social contact, and then it’s easier to bond with strangers. When people are afraid they prefer to be with people who already have been through what they are going through, or with them who are going through the same thing. I wonder if this has something to do with why teenagers have so many friends, I know some people think that the teenage years were very frightening, then it’s not that strange that they tend to be with people who are going through the same thing to find support.
This also makes me think if it’s true that people who thinks that life is more threatening than others do, also have more friends, and like to be with people who are like them. If they also are BIS-dominant it wouldn’t be that strange, because then they seek the familiar, but are also motivated by fear. It also says that people who are BIS-dominant seek either real challenges that they never will accomplish or really easy tasks that will make them look good, because often these people are afraid of failure (that’s what motivate them). They have an ego-approach – they are motivated because they are afraid someone else is going to be better than them, or that they won’t look as good as the others. This can also be a reason to why they might have so many friends, they need to compare themselves, and to create some kind of “collective” identity.
I know that this is a simple way of explaining something that is so much bigger, and as I usually say, everything is relative. Something seems to be corrects one moment and totally wrong the other, and people see things from different views which gives all things millions of aspects.
I like to learn about things like these because it shows how different we are, and that we are different is not strange. There are thousands of ways to explain things, and I think people like to find explanations because we prefer to fees safe, and to have some kind of way to interpret the world. What really interests me is different personalities, and I hope we are going to learn more about this later on.